Source: The Institution of Civil Engineers Engineering Division Papers, Volume 2, Issue 8, 1 Jan 1944 (42–66) DISCUSSION ON PAPER NOS. 1.To help the rails solidly and equitably The pot is oval in shape with larger diameter 2′-0″ and smaller diameter 1′-8″ is preferred. It consists of slabs of stones or pieces of woods placed parallel to and underneath the rails. sleepers have high initial cost but are very cheap in long run due to their DEFINITION: Surveying is the science and art of making all essential measurements to determine the relative position of points or physical and cultural details above, on, or beneath the surface of the Earth, and to depict them in a usable form, or to establish the position of points or details. I was pleased with his creative design and will definitely be hiring him again. The life To maintain correct gauge of the track, cross pieces are provided at regular intervals. of wooden sleepers depends upon their ability to resist wear, attack by white them in position. To They are either hard wood or soft wood type. What does sleepers mean? View Answer. b) Sleepers are laid parallel to the rails. Transverse sleepers introduced in 1835 and since then they are universally used. Two-block concrete sleepers for use in MG yards have recently been developed. I like how you explained that a train runs over transverse sleepers smoother and is almost silent. Universally These are the early form of sleepers which are not commonly used nowadays. It is one of the ways ground water can be controlled during civil engineering works. speed: "1000", Railway Sleepers Definition It is a segment of changeless way laid transversely under the rails and playing out the accompanying capacities. Creosote is an oil generally used/ sprayed on the surface. good sleepers and are the only sleepers suitable for track circuiting. The life of untreated wooden sleepers is thus very less. of Civil Engineering - KLU B.G.Rahul SLEEPERS Sleepers are transverse members of the track placed belos the rails to support and fix them in position. Sleeper density is generally specified as (n+x) where n is. Load Meaning of sleepers. provide elastic medium between the rails and the ballast. inverted T-section. ( Log Out / sleepers made of cast iron, known as cast iron sleepers, have been extensively Source: The Institution of Civil Engineers Engineering Division Papers, Volume 2, Issue 8, 1 Jan 1944 (42–66) EXPERIMENTS ON CONCRETE SLEEPERS. They type of sleeper consists of two R.C.C. The relative advantages and disadvantages are given below. sleepers having long useful period steel sleepers are in the form of inverted If ( Log Out / To as best sleepers as they fulfill all the requirements of an ideal sleeper. are transverse members of the track placed below the rails to support and fix The two RCC sleeper blocks are connected by an angle tie bar of 55 × 50 × 6 mm section and 1.5 m length. These Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Should A railroad tie, crosstie, railway tie or railway sleeper is a rectangular support for the rails in railroad tracks. sleepers are heavily damaged in case of derailment or accidents of trains. fx: "fade", Steel … They are in the form of steel trough inverted on which rails are fixed directly by keys or nuts and bolts and used along sufficient length of tracks. Sleepers The members which are laid transverse to the rails, to support the rails and to transfer the loads from rails to the ballast, are called sleepers. “Consultance has been a great asset to Trees for the Future . This Definition of sleepers in the Definitions.net dictionary. RAILWAY SLEEPER DEFINITION AND CHARACTERISTICS Railway Sleepers Definition It is a component of permanent way laid transversely under the rails and performing the following functions. prev: ".tes-slider-prev124" (ii) To transfer the loads from rails to the ballast. Several types of sleepers are in use on Indian Railways. Should Purpose of Permanent Way The purpose of the permanent way is to provide a permanent facility for safe and quick movements of normal commercial traffic between the starting and destination station. OBJECTIVE OF SURVEYING: The aim… Running of the train is not smooth when this type of sleepers is used. These Wooden sleepers are the ideal type of sleeper. may be a twin block sleepers joined by an angle iron. are Sal, Teak, Deodar and chair wood. The Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering Volume 28 Issue 11 - November 2016 Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Railway Track Concrete Sleepers Using Steel Fibers The sleeper consists of two cement concrete blocks, each weighting about 36 kg and consisting of an MS reinforcement of about 7 kg. The main functions of sleepers are as follows. They are either hard wood or soft wood type. used since the invention of sleepers. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. In other words, a permanent way is the combination of rails, fitted on sleepers and resting on ballast and subgrade. They have provided expert advice on practical civil enginnering and have provided real insight on how to proceed as an organization. They should not be suitable to each type of ballast. Wooden sleepers are the ideal type of sleeper. Wooden, cast iron or R.C.C members which are laid transverse to the track alignment to support the rails and to transfer the load from the rails to the underlying ballast are called sleepers. Treatment of Wooden Sleepers:-Untreated railway sleepers are prone to attack by decay and vermin. Sleeper definition is - one that sleeps. Functions and Requirements of Sleepers . channels with folded ends & having thickness 12 mm. }); “I am grateful for the hard work and exemplary service provided by Concrete Civil and team. ( Log Out / The wood used may be like teak, sal etc or it may be coniferous like pine. $(".testimslider124").cycle({ the transverse sleepers are economical, silent in operation and running of the train over these sleepers is smooth. Hi, I'm designing a concrete sleeper which will support a 78 dia pipe and several smaller pipes (2 to 6 dia). next: ".tes-slider-next124", Railway engineering is a multi-faceted engineering discipline dealing with the design, construction and operation of all types of rail transport systems. Change ). How to use sleeper in a sentence. (i) The primary function of a sleeper is to grip the rail to gauge and to distribute the rail loads to ballast with acceptable induced pressure. Functions of the Rails. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Pre Should Steel sleepers. To Plate sleepers consist of rectangular plates of size about 2′ – 10′ x 1′ – 0″. (iii) It also helps to enhance correct line and level of the rails. Privacy Policy, Technical Trainings and Career Counseling, More than 70% Civil Engineers are unemployed: So how can we develop jobs for tomorrow, Why India celebrates Engineers Day on Visvesvaraya’s birth anniversary, IIT Madras Faculty, Alumni Develop India’s First 3D Printing Construction Technology, World’s largest particle smasher takes 2-year break: CERN, Dundee’s V&A Museum scoops top Scottish Civil Engineering Award, Green Technology- World’s First Timber Football Stadium by Zaha Hadid Architects. See more of Civil Engineering Discoveries on Facebook sleepers should have sufficient weight for stability. At present this type of sleepers are discarded mainly because of the following reasons. Definition. transfer the loads from rails to the ballast. Civil engineering is one of the major branches of engineering and, as its name implies, is related to engineering for civilian applications. Grouting in civil engineering refers to the injection of pumpable materials into a soil or rock formation to change its physical characteristics. provide the insulation of track for the electric field tracks of signaling. should not be pushed out easily of their position in any direction under ants and quality of timber used. blocks connected by a metal tie of In Have a useful life of 20-25 years. a) Number of sleepers per rail length. Usually, a wood member embedded in concrete, as in a floor, that serves to support and to fasten the subfloor or flooring. Sleepers Sleeper. transverse members of the track placed below the rails to support and fix them in position. Follow CIVIL ENGINEERING on WordPress.com, REHABILITATION AND RETROFITTING STRUCTURES. under line blast are called sleepers. not get pushed easily out of position. Form of agreement. and pre-stressed concrete sleeper are now replacing all other types of sleepers be provide resistance against slide. Mumbai-Ahmedabad bullet train project should complete by 2023: Japanese Consul……. These The salient features of timber/wooden sleepers with advantages and disadvantages. stressed concrete sleepers are now-a-days extensively used in Indian Railway. It consists of slabs of stones or pieces of woods placed parallel to and underneath the rails. R.C.C. It may be a single block pre-stressed type. The The form of agreement constitutes the formal agreement between the promoter and the contractor for the execution of the works in… Plate RAILWAY ENGINEERING Dept. Railroad ties are traditionally made of wood, but prestressed concrete is now also widely used, especially in Europe and Asia. except to some special circumstances such as crossing bridges ec here timber These Free from decay and are not attacked by vermins; Connection between rail and sleeper is … Components of Permanent Way. b) Length of rail in meters. Some of the major contract documents normally used in connection with a Civil Engineering contracts are as follows: Form of agreement. They At present this type of sleepers are discarded mainly because of the following reasons. They consist of two pots or plates with rib and connected by wrought iron tie bar of section of about 2″ ½” each pot or plate is placed below each rail. lines of rails are transversely connected & held to correct gauge. To support the rails firmly … consist of two pots or plates with rib and connected by wrought iron tie bar of Generally laid perpendicular to the rails, ties transfer loads to the track ballast and subgrade, hold the rails upright and keep them spaced to the correct gauge. rails. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. The sleepers are first seasoned (drying for up to 12 months so that to remove the juice/sap) and treated with preservative. wires are stretched by hydraulic jack to give necessary tension in the wires. Creosote is an oil generally used/ sprayed on the surface. have to withstand the heavy load from the locomotive, wagons & coaches in The Wooden, d) None of these. (ii) The side functions of a sleeper include the avoidance of both longitudinal and lateral track movement. long life. used in India as compared to other countries in the world. The Main Components of Permanent Way are as Follows: Rails }); 5158 AND 5201: SOME EXPERIMENTS ON THE LATERAL OSCILLATION OF RAILWAY VEHICLES AND THE VERTICAL PATH OF A WHEEL MOVING ALONG A RAILWAY TRACK. Advantages of Steel Sleepers. sleepers should be sufficiently strong to act as a beam under loads. provide easy replacement of rails fastening. Noise created by the track is considerable. Depending upon the position in a railway track, railway sleepers may be classified as: These are the early form of sleepers which are not commonly used nowadays. ( Log Out / resist being pushed forward due to passage of train. Experimental Programme Evaluation on used wooden sleepers from Balau with grade of Select was conducted at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, UiTM. It encompasses a wide range of engineering disciplines, including civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, industrial engineering and production engineering. They remove the drawbacks of longitudinal sleepers i.e. (a) Holding the rails in their correct gauge and alignment Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.. Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. c) Number of rails. It To Timbers commonly used in India for sleepers Railroad companies should consider using transverse sleepers like those made of concrete or metal to make their trains run smoother and quieter. cast iron, steel or RCC members which are laid transverse to the track “He promptly completed the task at hand and communicates really well till the project reaches the finishing line. Copyright © 2015-2018 Powered By Concrete Civil || They They are much useful for heavy loads and high speeds, They have long life of 10-12 years depending upon the climate, condition, rain, intensity, nature of traffic, quality of wood etc, Good insulators and hence good for track circuited railway tracks, Suitable for salty regions and coastal areas, They are not badly damaged in case of derailment, Liable to be attacked by vermin so, they must be properly treated before use, Free from decay and are not attacked by vermins, Connection between rail and sleeper is stronger, Connection between rail and sleeper is simple, More attention is not required after laying, Liable to corrosion by moisture and should not because in salty regions, Good insulators and hence cannot be used in track circuited regions, Cannot be used for all sections of rails and gauges, Should not be laid with any other types of ballast except store, Way gauge is obtained if the keys are over driven, Having good shock absorber as there is not cushion between rail foot and ballast, High scrape value as they can be remolded, They are prone to corrosion and cannot be used in salty formations and coastal areas, Not suitable for track circuited portions of railways, Difficult to maintain the gauge as the two pots are independent, Require a large number of fastening materials, Difficult to handle and may be easily damaged, They can be produced on large quantities locally by installing a plant, Heavier than all other types thus giving better lateral stability to the track, Good insulators and thus suitable for use in track circuited lines, Free from attacks of vermin and decay, suitable for all types of soils, Initial cost is high but proves to be economical in long run, Effectively and strongly hold the track to gauge, Difficult to be manufactured in different sizes thus cannot be used in bridges and crossing, Can be damaged easily while loading and unloading.
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