One of his first acts as king was to abolish the privilege enjoyed by the upper echel… This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Its king, Gung Ye, whose leadership helped found the kingdom but who began to refer to himself as the Buddha, began to persecute people who expressed their opposition against his religious arguments. Taejo (r. 918-943 CE), previously known as Wang Geon or Wang Kon, was the founder and first king of the Goryeo (Koryo) kingdom which unified and ruled ancient Korea from 918 CE to 1392 CE. Taejong began to initiate policies he believed would prove his qualification to rule. After he ascended the throne, Seongjong was at first content not to interfere with the provincial lords, and to appease the Silla aristocracy. [11] Taejo felt a strong familial kinship with Balhae, calling it his "Relative Country" and "Married Country",[12][13] and protected Balhae refugees, many of whom were also of Goguryeo origin. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. World History Encyclopedia. His dynasty would oversee an unprecedented flourishing of Korean culture, and its name is the origin of modern Korea's English … These are known as his 'Ten Injunctions' (Sip Hunyo), and while some historians suggest they may have been written in the century after Wang's death, they, nevertheless, had a profound influence on government policy long after they were written. In his eyes, Taejo saw his son who became the king, Taejong, as a political enemy who killed his most trusted people. His father, Wang Yung (왕륭, 王隆), gained much wealth from trade with China. They are summarised in Pratt (466) as follows : This content was made possible with generous support from the British Korean Society. Reign. Relations with China were peaceful; the Later Tang dynasty recognised Wang as the ruler of Korea in 932 CE, and there was continued trade and cultural exchange, especially with the rise of the Song dynasty during the reign of Wang's immediate successors, starting with his son Mu (King Hyejong) and then Mu's brother Jeongjong. When coming back from Ming on a ship in a terrible storm, other boats sink and there is panic onboard all around him, but, we are told, Taejong stands serene and calm. [1] Background. "Taejo of Goryeo." Taejo sought to bring even his enemies into his ruling coalition. In 935, the last king of Silla, King Gyeongsun, felt there was no way to revive his kingdom and surrendered his entire land to Taejo. Wang was strongly influenced by pungsu in his selection of his main and regional capitals. However, Goryeo quickly recovered from defeat and successfully defended Hubaekje's attack on its front. Wang Geon was given the posthumous title of Taejo meaning 'Great Founder.' Wang Geon first opposed the idea but later agreed to their plan. One of his first acts as king was to abolish the privilege enjoyed by the upper echel… In 949, Taejo’s 4th son, Wong So, now known as Gwongjong, became Goryeo’s 4th king. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the Publishing Director at AHE. The Unified Silla Kingdom (668- 935 CE) was the first dynasty to... Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Cartwright, Mark. [7][12] This was in strong contrast to Later Silla, which had endured a hostile relationship with Balhae. Books [12][16] Furthermore, in his Ten Mandates to his descendants, he stated that the Khitans are no different than beasts and should be guarded against.[15]. With Jang Hyuk, Kang Han-na, Kang Ha-Neul, Shin Ha-kyun. He renamed the kingdom Go… The eldest son should succeed to the throne. Wang Geon was born in 877 to a powerful maritime merchant family based in Songak (modern Kaesong) as the eldest son of Wang Ryung (Korean: 왕륭; Hanja: 王隆). In 918, four top-ranked generals of Taebong—Hong Yu (홍유; 洪儒), Bae Hyeongyeong (배현경; 裵玄慶), Shin Sung-gyeom (신숭겸; 申崇謙) and Bok Jigyeom (복지겸; 卜智謙)—met secretly and agreed to overthrow Gung Ye's rule and crown Wang Geon as their new king. If he too is unworthy, choose the next, and so on down the list. Gyeon's father, who held his own claim to the Sangju region, also defected and surrendered to Goryeo and was received as the father of a king. However, he was too free-spirited and did not take well to the progra… Gyeon Hwon attacked Gyeongju, the Silla capital, in 927 CE while Gung Ye's unpopular and fanatical tyranny led to his death at the hands of his people. He promoted Buddhism as Goryeo's national religion, and laid claim to the northern parts of the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria, which he considered his rightful legacy as the successor of Goguryeo. When the new dynasty was promulgated and officially brought into existence, Taejo brought up the issue of which son would be his successor. It caused much disgust to Gyeon Hwon. His 5th son (future King Taejong) is also presented as a brave warrior. The king favored his youngest son, whose mother was Taejo's second wife. In 936, Wang led his final campaign against Singeom of Later Baekje. The legitimacy of Goryeo itself was also becoming an increasingly disputed issue within the court, as the ruling house failed not only to govern the kingdom effectively, but was also tarnished by generations of forced interma… Cartwright, Mark. His oldest son, Prince Yangnyeong, he had begun training in the necessary subjects and disciplines to become king from the age of nine. He traced his ancestry to a noble Goguryeo clan. Pyongyang was also given a greater importance to act as a deterrent for further incursions. According to Confucian principles, the eldest son—named Prince Yangnyeong—should have been the heir to the Joseon throne. Wang was busy in the south, too, as there he conquered the island of Tamna (Cheju). Cite This Work Mark is a history writer based in Italy. Map of the Goryeo Empire (11th century CE), by Korean Culture & Information Service (CC BY-SA). Seongjong was born on 15 January 961, the second son of Daejong, and a grandson of King Taejo (the founder of the Goryeo Dynasty). We must therefore build temples for both Son and Kyo Schools and appoint abbots to them, that they may perform the proper ceremonies and themselves cultivate the way. In the beginning of Taejong's reign, the Grand King Former, Taejo, refused to relinquish the royal seal that signified the legitimacy of any king's rule. Meanwhile, an aristocratic Buddhist monk leader, Gung Ye declared a new Goguryeo state in the north in 901 CE, known as Later Goguryeo. Once in power, Wang attacked Later Baekje, now beset by leadership in-fighting, and then Silla. The unification of the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 was very important in Korean history; the unification of 668 CE by Silla was only a unification of approximately half of the peoples of the Korean Peninsulaand its vicinity (who at the time largely considered themselves one people divided among many states), since the northern part was ruled by Balhae, which asserted itself as a reincarnation of Goguryeo. The Unified Silla Kingdom (668- 935 CE) had held sway over the Korean peninsula for three centuries, but the state was in a slow decline. It was built by the founder of the Yi dynasty, King Taejo in 1392 but was burned down during the Japanese invasion of 1592. Just prior to his death in 943 CE, Wang famously produced a list of points that he wished his successors to follow in running the state of Goryeo. Refugees fled from Balhae (Parhae), the northern Manchurian state, to Goryeo at this time following its collapse in 926 CE at the hands of the Khitan. Indeed, Wang credited his success in creating the Goryeo kingdom to his faith in Buddhism: The success of the great enterprise of founding our dynasty is entirely owing to the protective powers of the many Buddhas. Hearing of the news, Taejo planned a strike with 5,000 cavalrymen to attack Gyeon's troops on the way back home at Gongsan near Daegu. The third of the royal couple's four sons, Sejong impressed all of his family with his wisdom and curiosity. [3] During the Later Silla period, the northern regions, including Songak, were the strongholds of Goguryeo refugees,[4][5] and Wang Geon's hometown of Songak would become the original capital of Later Goguryeo in 901.[6]. World History Encyclopedia. King Taejo named his new unified kingdom Goryeo, meaning 'High & beautiful'. In the beginning of Taejong's reign, the Grand King Former, Taejo, refused to relinquish the royal seal that signified the legitimacy of any king's rule. [14], Taejo displayed strong animosity toward the Khitans who had destroyed Balhae. Kim Min-jae (Shin Ha-kyun), is a brilliant general who's distinguished himself by protecting the borders of the recently established Joseon dynasty. – November 969) (고려 대종), Queen Daemok of the Hwangju Hwangbo clan (대목왕후 황보씨), Queen Shinseong of the Gyeongju Kim clan (신성왕후 김씨), daughter of Kim Eok-Ryeom (김억렴), King Anjong of Goryeo (? Rebellions from the peasantry and the aristocracy were rife, and there followed a period of political turmoil referred to as the Later Three Kingdoms period (889-935). Taejo had six sons by his first wife, Sineui from the Han clan, who died before he took the throne, and was posthumously awarded the title 'Queen', and two from his second, Queen Sindeok, from the Kang clan. He traced his ancestry to a noble Goguryeo clan. The latter were eventually subdued and contained by the construction of a great wall across the peninsula's northern frontier. Wang Geon followed his father into service under Gung Ye, the future leader of Taebong, and he began his service under Gungye's command. World History Encyclopedia. His ancestors were known to have lived within the boundaries of ancient Goguryeo, thus making Wang Geon a man of Goguryeo by descent. [10] He met Hubaekje forces and suffered disastrous defeat, losing most of his army including his generals Kim Nak and Shin Sung-gyeom, the very same man who crowned Wang as a king. Rule like the classic kings, with fairness, judiciously taking advice and not overtaxing the people. His younger brother (Taejo’s 5th son and future King Taejong) was still determined to be king and had started to kill anyone in his way. The unification of the Later Three Kingdoms in 936 was very important in Korean history; the unification of 668 CE by Silla was only a unification of approximately half of the peoples of the Korean Peninsula and its vicinity (who at the time largely considered themselves one people divided among many states), since the northern part was ruled by Balhae, which asserted itself as a reincarnation of Goguryeo. Korea, located on a large peninsula on the eastern coast of the... Goryeo (Koryo) ruled ancient Korea from 918 CE to 1392 CE. [9] He also sought alliances and cooperation with local clans rather than trying to conquer and bring them under his direct control. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. So what notes are included in the records? This angered his older sons, and following the untimely death of Queen Sindeok in 1397, with Taejo's fifth son Bangwon as ring… Rise to the throne and founding of Goryeo, "丙申谕群臣曰:“平壤古都荒废虽久,基址尙存,而荆棘滋茂,蕃人游猎於其间,因而侵掠边邑,为害 大矣。 宜徙民实之以固藩屏为百世之利"(高丽史), https://ko.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%A0%EB%AA%85%EC%88%9C%EC%84%B1%EC%99%95%ED%9B%84, Founding legends of the Goryeo royal family, "Parhae | historical state, China and Korea", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taejo_of_Goryeo&oldid=1011946711, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2020, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Queen Shinjeong of the Hwangju Hwangbo clan (900 – 19 August 983) (신정왕후 황보씨), daughter of Hwangbo Je-Gong (황보제공), King Daejong of Goryeo (Wang Wook) (? He was born as Yi Bang-won in 1367 as the fifth son of King Taejo, and was qualified as an official of Goryeo Dynasty in 1382.During his early days, he helped his father to extend his support with the citizens and many influential figures of the government. Gung Ye was assisted by his first minister and general Wang Geon, the son of a wealthy merchant and local headman at Gaeseong in the Silla kingdom. Then he established King Gyeongsun as his puppet monarch before he turned his army toward Goryeo. Taejo of Goryeo (31 January 877[citation needed] – 4 July 943), also known as Taejo Wang Geon (Wang Kǒn, 왕건), was the founder of the Goryeo dynasty, which ruled Korea from the 10th to the 14th century. Goryeo Palace Paintingby Unknown Artist (Public Domain). Wang Geon's ability as a military commander was soon recognized by Gung Ye, who promoted him to general and even regarded him as his brother. 877 – Taejo of Goryeo (d. 943) 1512 – Henry, King of Portugal (d. 1580) 1543 – Tokugawa Ieyasu, Japanese shogun (d. 1616) 1550 – Henry I, Duke of Guise (d. 1588) 1597 – John Francis Regis, French priest and saint (d. 1640) 1624 – Arnold Geulincx, Flemish philosopher (d. 1669) 1673 – Louis de Montfort, French priest and saint (d. 1716) When the new dynasty was promulgated and officially brought into existence, Taejo brought up the issue of which son would be his successor. Wang maintained many of the Silla institutions of government and to ensure the loyalty of the conquered Silla and Baekje elite he distributed lands and prominent Goryeo government positions to Gyeongsun and other aristocrats. After the destruction of Balhae by the Khitans in 926, Balhae's last crown prince and much of its ruling class sought refuge in Goryeo, where they were warmly welcomed and included into the ruling family by Wang Geon, thus uniting the two successor nations of Goguryeo. Hyejong of Goryeo was the second King of Goryeo. In 895, Gung Ye led his forces into the far northwestern part of Silla, where Songdo was located. He led several more military campaigns, and also helped conquered people who lived in poverty under Silla rule. Influenced by his young wife, and Jeong Dojeon, one of his closest advisors, Taejo leaned toward choosing the youngest of his eight sons, Grand Prince Euian, as Crown Prince. There then followed a power struggle for control of the peninsula. Taejo began his career in the turbulent Later Three Kingdoms (hanja: 後三國時代). The following two kings had short reigns and lacked the political strength to stabilize the young kingdom. Wang demanded that they "should be read morning and night and forever used as a mirror of reflection" (Seth, 99). He had already killed off the prime minister (Jeong Do-jeon) and his own half-brother (Taejo’s 8th son, when he was made Crown Prince!) Wang Geon was given the posthumous title of Taejo meaning 'Great Founder.' 2) 정종 King Jeongjong Yi Bang-gwa (r.1398-1400) There was lots of instability at the beginning of the Joseon period as King Taejo’s sons fought over power. Singeom fought against Taejo, but facing much disadvantage and inner conflict, he surrendered to Taejo. In 927, Gyeon Hwon of Hubaekje led forces into Silla's capital, Gyeongju, capturing and executing its king, King Gyeongae. – 7 July 996) (고려 안종), Queen Jeongdeok of the Jeongju Ryu clan (정덕왕후 류씨), daughter of Ryu Deok-Young (류덕영), Queen Munhye of the Jeongju Ryu clan (문혜왕후 유씨), Queen Seonui of the Jeongju Ryu clan (선의왕후 유씨), Grand Lady Heonmok of the Pyeong clan (헌목대부인 평씨), daughter of Pyeong Joon (평준), Lady Jeongmok of the Wang clan (정목부인 왕씨), daughter of Wang Gyeong (왕경), Lady Dongyangwon of the Pyeongsan Yu clan (동양원부인 유씨), daughter of Yu Geum-Pil (유금필), Lady Sukmok of the Myeong clan (숙목부인 명씨), daughter of Myeong Pil (명필), Lady Cheonanbuwon of the Im clan (천안부원부인 임씨), daughter of Im Eon (임언), Lady Heungbokwon of the Hongju Hong clan (흥복원부인 홍씨), daughter of Hong Gyu (홍규), Lady Daeryangwon of the Hapcheon Lee clan (대량원부인 이씨), daughter of Lee Jeong-Eon (이정언), Lady Hudaeryangwon of the Lee clan (후대량원부인 이씨), daughter of Lee Won (이원), Lady Daemyeongjuwon of the Wang clan (대명주원부인 왕씨), daughter of Wang Ye (왕예), Lady Sogwangjuwon of the Yanggeun Ham clan (소광주원부인 함씨), daughter of Ham Gyu / Wang Gyu (함규 / 왕규), Wang Eun, Prince Gwangju (? In the 94th year of his reign, Taejo's younger brother Suseong took the throne to become King Chadae. The last Silla king, Gyeongsun, finally surrendered in 935 CE and left Wang Geon to unify the country once again but under a new name, Goryeo. Taejo gladly accepted his surrender and gave him the title of prince, and accepted his daughter as one of his wives (Wang had six queens, and many more wives as he married daughters of every single local leader). Although not found in the more orthodox Samguk Sagi, the Samguk Yusa says that Chadae soon killed both of Taejo's sons, and that the subsequent king Sindae, younger half-brother to Taejo and Chadae, killed both of his brothers in 165. World History Encyclopedia, 07 Nov 2016. [2] His ancestors were Goguryeo refugees who settled around Songak, accumulating great wealth through maritime trade and gaining control of the region, including the Ryesong River. They defeated and absorbed many of the other rebel groups as their troops marched against local Silla officials and bandits. Taejo ruled from 918 to 943. After the sudden death of Queen Sindeok, and while King Taejo was still in mourning for his second wife, Yi Bang-won struck first by raiding the palace and killed Jeong Do-jeon and his supporters as well as Queen Sindeok's two sons (his half-brothers) including the crown prince in 1398. Wang was a particular follower of the latter and a believer in pungsu, the practice of carefully selecting geographical locations to benefit from the natural life forces thought to emanate from trees, rivers, and mountains. Maintain the Palgwan-hoe and Yondung-hoe festivals. He gave titles and land to rulers and nobles from the various countries he had defeated: Later Baekje, Silla, and also Balhae, which disintegrated around the same time. Background. Thus he sought to secure stability and unity for his kingdom which had been lacking in the later years of Silla. https://www.ancient.eu/Taejo_of_Goryeo/. The generals installed Wang Geon as the new king of this short-lived state. Wang Geon first opposed the idea but later agreed to their plan. However, Wang Geon's unification in 936 was a more complete unification (in which only a single state emerged among the people, as opposed to the 7th century, when two, Later Silla and Balhae, emerged); the people of the Korean Peninsula thereafter remained under a single, unified state until 1948, when Korea was divided into north and south by Russian and U.S occupation forces. Following the precedent set by his own father, King Taejong abdicated the throne, passing power to his son during his own lifetime, thus helping to ensure the continuation of the reign of Yi kings after his death. In the later years of Silla, many local leaders and bandits rebelled against the rule of Queen Jinseong, who did not have strong enough leadership or policies to improve the condition of the people. Wang would be the father of 25 sons and nine daughters. Aghast at the fact that his sons were willing to kill each other for the crown, and psychologically exhausted from the death of his second wife, King Taejo abdicated and immediately crowned his second son (the oldest-surviving son) Yi Bang-gwa, or King Jeongjong, as the new ruler. 14 Mar 2021. Buddhism was the most important and practised religion, as it had been for centuries in Korea, and this is evidenced by Wang's sponsorship of many temple building projects, including ten new Buddhist temples at the capital. The public favored him due to his leadership and generosity. He renamed the kingdom Goryeo, thus beginning the Goryeo Dynasty. [15] Taejo proposed to Gaozu of Later Jìn that they attack the Khitans as revenge for the destruction of Balhae, according to the Zizhi Tongjian. The state is based on Buddhism: honour both Seon and Kyo traditions. – 945) (광주원군), Lady Dongsanwon of the Suncheon Park clan (동산원부인 박씨), daughter of Park Young-Gyu (박영규), Lady Yehwa of the Haeju Wang clan (예화부인 왕씨), daughter of Wang Yu (왕유), Lady Daeseowon of the Dongju Kim clan (대서원부인 김씨), daughter of Kim Haeng-Pa (김행파), Lady Soseowon of the Dongju Kim clan (소서원부인 김씨), daughter of Kim Haeng-Pa (김행파), Lady Shinjuwon of the Kang clan (신주원부인 강씨), daughter of Kang Gi-Ju (강기주), Lady Wolhwawon (월화원부인), daughter of Yang Yeong-Jang (양영장), Lady Seongmu of the Pyeongsan Park clan (성무부인 박씨), daughter of Park Ji-Yoon (박지윤), Lady Uiseongbuwon of the Uiseong Hong clan (의성부원부인 홍씨), daughter of Hong Yu (홍유), Lady Wolgyeongwon of the Pyeongsan Park clan (월경원부인 박씨), daughter of Park Soo-Moon (박수문), Lady Mongryangwon of the Pyeongsan Park clan(몽량원부인 박씨), daughter of Park Soo-Kyung (박수경), Lady Haeryangwon of the Seon clan (해량원부인 선씨), daughter of Seon Pil (선필), Portrayed by Kim Myeong-jin in the 1970 film, This page was last edited on 13 March 2021, at 19:04. He was preceded by King Taejo and succeeded by Jeongjong, 3rd Monarch of Goryeo. The king is also credited with expanding the aristocracy's access to higher government positions, building new schools and improving agricultural yields by easing the tax burden on the peasantry. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. Written by Mark Cartwright, published on 07 November 2016 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Web. His first wife, Queen Sineui, had predeceased him sometime previously to the overthrow of Goryeo but had given birth to six sons. Taejo's father, Wang Yung (later Sejo of Goryeo), along with many local clans, quickly surrendered to Gung Ye. We are now World History Encyclopedia to better reflect the breadth of our non-profit organization's mission. Thank you! In 913, he was appointed as prime minister of the newly renamed Taebong. [7] As the first ruler to more fully unite the people of the Korean Peninsula under a single state, many modern-day Koreans look to his example for applicability to the current state of division on the Korean Peninsula. He was succeeded by Wang Geon in 918 CE who probably had a hand in his predecessor's assassination. Although Taejo's fifth son by Queen Sineui, Yi Bang-won, had contributed most to assisting his father's rise to power, he harbored a profound hatred against two of his father's key allies in the court, the prime minister Jeong Do-jeon and Nam Eun. Concerned that he would one day be the victim of an uprising like his predecessor, Wang married into several elite families and clans, a strategy which resulted in the new king eventually acquiring six queens and 23 consorts. After Emperor An of Han decided not to initiate another battle with Goguryeo, Chadae settled peace with Han Dynasty in the following year. Ancient History Encyclopedia has a new name! Study the ancient kings of China and keep the classic 'No Complacency' as your motto. Taejo's wife upon ascension to the throne, Queen Sindeok, had two sons as well. We have also been recommended for educational use by the following publications: Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. Wang finally occupied Hubaekje formally, and unified the nation for the second time since Unified Silla; he ruled until 943, and died from disease. His special interests include pottery, architecture, world mythology and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share in common. This incident became known as the First Strife of Princes. Sejong was born under the name Yi Do to King Taejong and Queen Wongyeong of Joseon on May 7, 1397. As noted elsewhere in this article, the modern name of "Korea" is derived from the name "Goryeo," which itself is derived from "Goguryeo," to whose heritage (and by extension, territory) Wang Geon and his new kingdom laid claim. The generals installed Wang Geon as the new king of this short-lived state. Taejo's kingdom was far from secure, though, and the Khitan (Qidan) tribes in the north proved stubbornly resistant to Goryeo's expansionist policies of the late 10th and early 11th century CE. Please support World History Encyclopedia Foundation. Prime Minister Jeong Dojeon also backed him as the successor to the throne, causing much disappointment from other princes. Taejo ruled from 918 to 943, achieving unification of the Later Three Kingdoms in 936. (Portal, 81). Gyeon Hwon was sent into exile and imprisoned in Geumsansa, but escaped to Goryeo and was treated like Taejo's father, who died just before his surrender. Jeongjong (2nd son) didn’t last long and quickly abdicated to let his fierce brother Yi Bang- Learn More. The same year Gung Ye was overthrown and killed near the capital, Cheorwon. He ascended the throne after his cousin and also his brother-in-law King Gyeongjong died in 981. The next year he moved the capital back to his hometown, Gaegyeong. The same year Gung Ye was overthrown and killed near the capital, Cheorwon. Taejong began to initiate policies he believed would prove his qualification to rule. In 1418, King Taejong decided it was time to choose his successor to the Choson throne. Taejo was born in 877 and was a descendant of a merchant family at Songdo (modern Kaesong), who controlled trade on theYeseong River. Taejo (r. 918-943 CE), previously known as Wang Geon or Wang Kon, was the founder and first king of the Goryeo (Koryo) kingdom which unified and ruled ancient Korea from 918 CE to 1392 CE. Hyejong of Goryeo 고려 혜종 高麗 惠宗 Wang Mu King of Goryeo Reign5 July 943 – 23 October 945 PredecessorTaejo of Goryeo SuccessorJeongjong of Goryeo Born912 Naju, Taebong Died23 October 945 Gaegyeong, Kingdom of Goryeo Burial Sunreung Royal Tomb SpouseQueen Uihwa Posthumous name 인덕명효선현고평경헌의공대왕 HouseHouse of Wang FatherTa… By the late 14th century, the 400 year-old Goryeo Dynasty established by Wang Geon in 918 was tottering, its foundations collapsing from years of war and de facto occupation by the disintegrating Mongol Empire. Map of the Goryeo Empire (11th century CE)by Korean Culture & Information Service (CC BY-SA). Practise no favouritism, pay fair emoluments, and always take care of the army. Aghast at the fact that his sons were willing to kill each other for the crown, and psychologically exhausted from the death of his second wife, King Taejo immediately crowned his second son Yi Bang-gwa, later King Jeongjong, as the new ruler.
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