"[396] Chryssides has suggested that with the exception of statements about 1914, 1925 and 1975, the changing views and dates of the Jehovah's Witnesses are largely attributable to changed understandings of biblical chronology rather than to failed predictions. In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to study the Bible. [65] At an international convention held at Cedar Point, Ohio, in September 1922, a new emphasis was made on house-to-house preaching. [161] Jehovah's Witnesses consider the Bible to be scientifically and historically accurate and reliable[162] and interpret much of it literally, but accept parts of it as symbolic. Terra, 1994, R. Franz, "In Search of Christian Freedom", chapter 12. [402] The group has been criticized for its "two witness rule" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15–17, which requires sexual abuse to be substantiated by secondary evidence if the accused person denies any wrongdoing. He organized large international assemblies, instituted new training programs for members, and expanded missionary activity and branch offices throughout the world. [66] Significant changes in doctrine and administration were regularly introduced during Rutherford's twenty-five years as president, including the 1920 announcement that the Hebrew patriarchs (such as Abraham and Isaac) would be resurrected in 1925, marking the beginning of Christ's thousand-year earthly Kingdom. [264] Marking, a curtailing of social but not spiritual fellowship, is practiced if a baptized member persists in a course of action regarded as a violation of Bible principles but not a serious sin. sponsor page. The Jehovah’s Witnesses go door to door, distribute the Watchtower and Awake magazines, deny the Trinity, the deity of Christ, and deny his physical resurrection. [341], Several cases involving Jehovah's Witnesses have been heard by Supreme Courts throughout the world. WCHI was a radio station in Chicago, Illinois, United States, that operated from January 1, 1925 until it was deleted in 1932.The station—owned by the Peoples Pulpit Association, a corporation of the Jehovah's Witnesses—was established as WORD in Batavia before moving to Chicago in 1930 and changing its call letters. An academic study on the sociological aspects of Jehovah's Witnesses phenomenon. [181][182], Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created through Christ by means of God's power, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's "only-begotten Son". Can a Person Resign From Being One of Jehovah’s Witnesses? ", "Jehovah's Witnesses Official Media Web Site: Our History and Organization: Membership", "Advent Christian Church- Religious Groups - The Association of Religion Data Archives", "PEW Forum on Religion and Public Life. [222] Their most important and solemn event is the commemoration of the "Lord's Evening Meal", or "Memorial of Christ's Death" on the date of the Jewish Passover. They feel that these and many other customs have pagan origins or reflect a nationalistic or political spirit. [260] Members who disassociate (formally resign) are described in Watch Tower Society literature as wicked and are also shunned. [122][123][124], Each congregation has a body of appointed unpaid male elders and ministerial servants. Satan influenced Adam and Eve to disobey God, and humanity subsequently became participants in a challenge involving the competing claims of Jehovah and Satan to universal sovereignty. [219] Congregations meet for two sessions each week comprising four distinct meetings that total about three-and-a-half hours, typically gathering mid-week (two meetings) and on the weekend (two meetings). [351][352][353][354] It also warns members to "avoid independent thinking", claiming such thinking "was introduced by Satan the Devil"[355][356] and would "cause division". The end result will be a fully tested, glorified human race on earth. Gambling, drunkenness, illegal drugs, and tobacco use are forbidden. [391][392] Failed predictions have led to the alteration or abandonment of some doctrines. They believe that all worship should be directed toward him, and that he is not part of a Trinity;[178] consequently, the group places more emphasis on God than on Christ. Help. Their stance regarding political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other times where national service has been compulsory. Bryan R. Wilson, "The Persistence of Sects". We answer the questions of how they got their start, what their core beliefs are, and how many people ascribe to this faith in the world today below. [175][176][177] They believe that Jehovah is the only true God, the creator of all things, and the "Universal Sovereign". [214] Most of those who had died before God's intervention will gradually be resurrected during the thousand year "judgment day". [215][216], Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus Christ began to rule in heaven as king of God's kingdom in October 1914, and that Satan was subsequently ousted from heaven to the earth, resulting in "woe" to humanity. Those who fail will be destroyed, along with Satan and his demons. 1. Disfellowshipping, a form of shunning, is the strongest form of discipline, administered to an offender deemed unrepentant. [4], The official published membership statistics, such as those mentioned above, include only those who submit reports for their personal ministry;[310] official statistics do not include inactive and disfellowshipped individuals or others who might attend their meetings. Jehovah's Witnesses are a people of faith that many of us likely don't know that much about. Please enable cookies on your browser and try again. Religious commentator Ken Jubber wrote that "Viewed globally, this persecution has been so persistent and of such intensity that it would not be inaccurate to regard Jehovah's Witnesses as the most persecuted group of Christians of the twentieth century. [249] If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adulterous unless the prior spouse has died or is since considered to have committed sexual immorality. [345] Similar cases in their favor have been heard in Canada.[346]. ", "Ousted members say Jehovah's Witnesses' policy on abuse hides offenses", "Jehovah's Witnesses and Child Protection", "New evidence in Jehovah's Witness allegations", "Jehovah's Witnesses' Scripturally Based Position on Child Protection", "Jehovah's Witnesses destroyed documents showing child abuse allegations against church elder", "Witness leaders accused of shielding molesters", "Jane Doe (Candace Conti) v. The Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Inc. et al", California Court of Appeal, First Appellate District, Division Three, "Former Jehovah's Witness Takes on Church Over Sex Abuse Allegations", "Jehovah's Witnesses let sex offender interrogate victims", "Decision: Manchester New Moston Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses", Architecture of cathedrals and great churches, INFORM (Information Network Focus on Religious Movements), Academic study of new religious movements, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jehovah%27s_Witnesses&oldid=1009205113, Christian groups with annihilationist beliefs, Religious organizations established in 1870, Articles with Russian-language sources (ru), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with TDVİA identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, "exists in a state of tension with the wider society;", "imposes tests of merit on would-be members;", "exercises stern discipline, regulating the declared beliefs and the life habits of members and prescribing and operating sanctions for those who deviate, including the possibility of expulsion;", "demands sustained and total commitment from its members, and the subordination, and perhaps even the exclusion of all other interests. saturdays. [187] His role as a mediator (referred to in 1 Timothy 2:5) is applied to the 'anointed' class, though the 'other sheep' are said to also benefit from the arrangement.[188]. [33] In 1876, Russell met Nelson H. Barbour; later that year they jointly produced the book Three Worlds, which combined restitutionist views with end time prophecy. Marriages are required to be monogamous and legally registered. Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania. The service requires full cookie support in order to view this website. [217][218], Meetings for worship and study are held at Kingdom Halls, which are typically functional in character, and do not contain religious symbols. ", "A Royal Priesthood to Benefit All Mankind", "Global Printing—Helping People to Learn About God", "Be "Intensely Occupied" With Your Ministry", "18—Baptism and Your Relationship With God", "Question Box: How long should a formal Bible study be conducted with an individual in the Knowledge book? EMBED. In 1919, he instituted the appointment of a director in each congregation, and a year later all members were instructed to report their weekly preaching activity to the Brooklyn headquarters. [323][324], Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and other religious groups by Jehovah's Witnesses. [242], The family structure is patriarchal. [65], From 1932, it was taught that the "little flock" of 144,000 would not be the only people to survive Armageddon. [52] By 1910, about 50,000 people worldwide were associated with the movement[53] and congregations re-elected him annually as their "pastor. [265][266][267] They believe that only Jehovah's Witnesses represent true Christianity, and that other religions fail to meet all the requirements set by God and will soon be destroyed. [311][312] The 2008 US Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life survey found a low retention rate among members of the denomination: about 37% of people raised in the group continued to identify themselves as Jehovah's Witnesses;[313][314] the next lowest retention rates were for Buddhism at 50% and Catholicism at 68%. [3] A leadership dispute after Russell's death resulted in several groups breaking away, with Joseph Franklin Rutherford retaining control of the Watch Tower Society and its properties. The service requires full JavaScript support in order to view this website. [316] Beckford identified the group's chief characteristics as historicism (identifying historical events as relating to the outworking of God's purpose), absolutism (conviction that Jehovah's Witness leaders dispense absolute truth), activism (capacity to motivate members to perform missionary tasks), rationalism (conviction that Witness doctrines have a rational basis devoid of mystery), authoritarianism (rigid presentation of regulations without the opportunity for criticism) and world indifference (rejection of certain secular requirements and medical treatments). Menu & Reservations Make Reservations . [8][146][147] The Governing Body does not issue any single, comprehensive "statement of faith", but prefers to express its doctrinal position in a variety of ways through publications published by the Watch Tower Society. [125] New elders are appointed by a traveling overseer after recommendation by the existing body of elders. "[407] Jehovah's Witnesses maintain that they have a strong policy to protect children, adding that the best way to protect children is by educating parents; they also state that they do not sponsor activities that separate children from parents. [121] Their living expenses and those of other full-time volunteers are covered by the organization along with a basic monthly stipend. [179][180] They believe that the Holy Spirit is God's applied power or "active force", rather than a person. Much of their funding is provided by donations, primarily from members. [402][416] In court cases in the United Kingdom and the United States the Watch Tower Society has been found to have been negligent in its failure to protect children from known sex offenders within the congregation. ", "Bioethics of the refusal of blood by Jehovah's Witnesses: Part 1. [235][236] Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed "irregular" and may be counseled by elders;[237][238] those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed "inactive". [156] The group's leadership, while disclaiming divine inspiration and infallibility,[157] is said to provide "divine guidance"[158] through its teachings described as "based on God's Word thus ... not from men, but from Jehovah. [286], They do not work in industries associated with the military, do not serve in the armed services,[287] and refuse national military service, which in some countries may result in their arrest and imprisonment. Buffering. [103] Since Knorr's death in 1977, the position of president has been occupied by Frederick Franz (1977–1992) and Milton Henschel (1992–2000), both members of the Governing Body, and since 2000 by others who are not Governing Body members. [16] They prefer to use their own Bible translation, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures,[17] although their literature occasionally quotes and cites other Bible translations. View all likes. [40], From 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. "[54] Russell died October 31, 1916, at the age of 64 while returning from a ministerial speaking tour. free kmet-am/fm mobile app downloads. [59][60][61][62] It strongly criticized Catholic and Protestant clergy and Christian involvement in the Great War. Kmet news Kmet news About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube … [18][19] Adherents commonly refer to their body of beliefs as "The Truth" and consider themselves to be "in the Truth". [196] They believe that baptism as a Jehovah's Witness is vital for salvation[197] and that only they meet scriptural requirements for surviving Armageddon, but that God is the final judge. [20] They consider secular society to be morally corrupt and under the influence of Satan, and most limit their social interaction with non-Witnesses. [343], In the United States, legal challenges by Jehovah's Witnesses prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. (1919-1941)", "1975—The Appropriate Time for God to Act", "The '1975'-prophecy and its impact among Dutch Jehovah's Witnesses", "Why the Jehovah's Witnesses Grow So Rapidly: A Theoretical Application", Chryssides & Historical Dictionary of Jehovah's Witnesses, "Jehovah's Witnesses Abandon Key Tenet : Doctrine: Sect has quietly retreated from prediction that those alive in 1914 would see end of world", "Overseers and Ministerial Servants Theocratically Appointed", "What Is the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses? [244] Drinking of alcoholic beverages is permitted in moderation. [361] Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the group's leaders cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience[166][362] in which Witnesses abrogate all responsibility and rights over their personal lives. [12][13][14] In 1932, Rutherford eliminated the system of locally elected elders and in 1938, introduced what he called a "theocratic" (literally, God-ruled) organizational system, under which appointments in congregations worldwide were made from the Brooklyn headquarters. contact. [139] The Watchtower and Awake! Jehovah's Witnesses have received criticism from mainstream Christianity, members of the medical community, former members and commentators regarding their beliefs and practices. [100][101], The offices of elder and ministerial servant were restored to Witness congregations in 1972, with appointments made from headquarters[102] (and later, also by branch committees). [292][293][294] Since 1961 the willing acceptance of a blood transfusion by an unrepentant member has been grounds for expulsion from the group. Traveling overseers appoint local elders and ministerial servants, and while branch offices may appoint regional committees for matters such as Kingdom Hall construction or disaster relief. I think Jehovah's Witnesses believe they are happy, at least in the Jehovah's Witness version of happiness. Report includes number of Witnesses, number baptized, Memorial attendance, and more. [32] During the course of his ministry, Russell disputed many beliefs of mainstream Christianity including immortality of the soul, hellfire, predestination, the fleshly return of Jesus Christ, the Trinity, and the burning up of the world. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independent groups that had severed ties with the Society, as well as symbolize the instigation of new outlooks and the promotion of fresh evangelizing methods. ", "Work to Preserve Your Family Into God's New World", "Korea government promises to adopt alternative service system for conscientious objectors", "Bioethical aspects of the recent changes in the policy of refusal of blood by Jehovah's Witnesses", "Questions From Readers—Do Jehovah's Witnesses accept any medical products derived from blood? [21] Congregational disciplinary actions include disfellowshipping, their term for formal expulsion and shunning, a last resort for what they consider serious offenses. bitterwinter.org is using a security service for protection against online attacks. This development will mark the beginning of the "great tribulation". [251][252], Formal discipline is administered by congregation elders. Two Jehovah's Witnesses were convicted of extremism in Russia and four more arrested, one of whom reported being tortured in custody Based on fresh research into original documents of the era. [22][23] Baptized individuals who formally leave are considered disassociated and are also shunned. [289] Jehovah's Witnesses see themselves as a worldwide brotherhood that transcends national boundaries and ethnic loyalties. Their religious activities are currently banned or restricted in some countries, including China, Vietnam, and some Islamic states. The organization produces a significant amount of literature as part of its evangelism activities. Religious Landscape Survey: Religious Affiliation: Diverse and Dynamic", "A closer look at Jehovah's Witnesses living in the U.S.", "Educational distribution by religious group", "Jehovah's Witnesses in National Socialist concentration camps, 1933–45", "Russian court bans Jehovah's Witnesses as extremist", "Jehovah's Theocratic Organization Today", "Visits from Older Men Benefit God's People", "Will You Heed Jehovah's Clear Warnings? [231][232] Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. ", "Question Box—May both parents report the time used for the regular family study? Stedman, R.C., "The New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures," Our Hope 50; 34, July 1953. Москва: Изд. Listen online or download the iHeartRadio App. [85][86], Nathan Knorr was appointed as third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942. KMET - KMET 1490-AM is an ABC Radio News affiliate. [260][358][359], Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the denomination to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four,[360] and Alan Rogerson describes the group's leadership as totalitarian. The Watch Tower Society has made various unfulfilled predictions about major biblical events such as Christ's Second Coming, the advent of God's Kingdom, and Armageddon. [282] They do not celebrate religious holidays such as Christmas and Easter, nor do they observe birthdays, national holidays, or other celebrations they consider to honor people other than Jesus. Detailed history of the Watch Tower movement's earliest years written to an academic standard. [368], Jehovah's Witness publications state that consensus of faith aids unity, and deny that unity restricts individuality or imagination. [110] Witnesses do not use elder as a title to signify a formal clergy-laity division,[126] though elders may employ ecclesiastical privilege regarding confession of sins. [344] Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference, the right to abstain from patriotic rituals and military service, the right of patients to refuse medical treatment, and the right to engage in public discourse. "[401], Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. [387][388][389] Some publications also claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses and the International Bible Students as a modern-day prophet. [347], Various Bible scholars, including Bruce M. Metzger[372] and MacLean Gilmour,[373] have said that while scholarship is evident in New World Translation, its rendering of certain texts are inaccurate and biased in favor of Witness practices and doctrines. Knorr commissioned a new translation of the Bible, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, the full version of which was released in 1961. kmet tv. [342] The cases generally relate to their right to practice their religion, displays of patriotism and military service, and blood transfusions. [383][384], Watch Tower Society publications have claimed that God has used Jehovah's Witnesses (and formerly, the International Bible Students) to declare his will[385][386] and has provided advance knowledge about Armageddon and the establishment of God's kingdom. [148] Their publications teach that doctrinal changes and refinements result from a process of progressive revelation, in which God gradually reveals his will and purpose,[149][150][151][152] and that such enlightenment or "new light"[153] results from the application of reason and study,[154] the guidance of the holy spirit, and direction from Jesus Christ and angels. [119] The Governing Body directs several committees that are responsible for administrative functions, including publishing, assembly programs and evangelizing activities. [9], The group emerged from the Bible Student movement founded in the late 1870s by Charles Taze Russell, who also co-founded Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society in 1881 to organize and print the movement's publications. [210] They consider all other present-day religions to be false, identifying them with "Babylon the Great", or the "harlot", of Revelation 17,[211] and believe that they will soon be destroyed by the United Nations, which they believe is represented in scripture by the scarlet-colored wild beast of Revelation chapter 17. Detailed history of the Watch Tower movement, particularly its early years, a summary of Witness doctrines and the organizational and personal framework in which Witnesses conduct their lives. Contact: 700 East Redlands Blvd. By the 1910s, Russell's organization maintained nearly a hundred "pilgrims," or traveling preachers. [315], Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the group's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Create a SoundCloud account. [80][81] By the mid-1930s, the timing of the beginning of Christ's presence (Greek: parousía), his enthronement as king, and the start of the "last days" were each moved to 1914. [47] Russell engaged in significant global publishing efforts during his ministry,[48][49] and by 1912, he was the most distributed Christian author in the United States. [417][418] The Society has settled other child abuse lawsuits out of court, reportedly paying as much as $780,000 to one plaintiff without admitting wrongdoing. [4] Jehovah's Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses, a group of elders in Warwick, New York, United States, which establishes all doctrines[6] based on its interpretations of the Bible. "[390][note 6] With these interpretations, Jehovah's Witnesses' publications have made various predictions about world events they believe were prophesied in the Bible. They see the Bible as the main way in which God communicates … Jehovah's witnesses spokesman Robert Hendricks on ABC. Jehovah\'s Witness 89, Jehovah\'s Witness 01, Jehovah\'s Witness 86. Most criticism of the New World Translation relates to its rendering of the New Testament, particularly regarding the introduction of the name Jehovah and in passages related to the Trinity doctrine. [301][302][303] The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Documents the Witnesses' fight for civil rights in Canada and the US amid political persecution during World War II. They consider the use of God's name vital for proper worship. Thursday December 17th - returning to The Vince Daniels Show - Michael Dewald to join me for an hour that opens with senior policy analyst for the Independent Women's Forum, INEZ STEPMAN at approx 9:11 am PT for a segment previously scheduled for two weeks ago. [255] Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of "God's organization". [357] Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as "apostates" who are "mentally diseased". The Witnesses' literature defines the "world" as "the mass of mankind apart from Jehovah's approved servants" and teach that it is morally contaminated and ruled by Satan. [291], Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood transfusions, which they consider a violation of God's law based on their interpretation of Acts 15:28, 29 and other scriptures. [347][348] The denomination does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices;[160][349][350][351] members who openly disagree with the group's teachings are expelled and shunned. In a major organizational overhaul in 1976, the power of the Watch Tower Society president was diminished, with authority for doctrinal and organizational decisions passed to the Governing Body. (King James Version, KJV) —which was adopted by resolution. "[131][132] Their literature emphasizes the need for members to be obedient and loyal to Jehovah and to "his organization,"[133][134][note 2] stating that individuals must remain part of it to receive God's favor and to survive Armageddon.[135][136][137]. Rutherford explained that in addition to the 144,000 "anointed" who would be resurrected—or transferred at death—to live in heaven to rule over earth with Christ, a separate class of members, the "great multitude," would live in a paradise restored on earth; from 1935, new converts to the movement were considered part of that class. [247][248], Divorce is discouraged, and remarriage is forbidden unless a divorce is obtained on the grounds of adultery, which they refer to as "a scriptural divorce". [87] Knorr's presidency was also marked by an increasing use of explicit instructions guiding Witnesses in their lifestyle and conduct, and a greater use of congregational judicial procedures to enforce a strict moral code. They interpret Revelation 14:1–5 to mean that the number of Christians going to heaven is limited to exactly 144,000, who will rule with Jesus as kings and priests over earth. Larger groups of congregations meet once a year for a three-day "regional convention", usually at rented stadiums or auditoriums. ", "Preaching and Teaching Earth Wide — 2009 Grand Totals", "You Can Live Forever in Paradise on Earth—But How? Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The Montana Supreme Court has reversed a $35 million judgment against the Jehovah's Witnesses for not reporting a girl's sexual abuse to authorities. [245][246] Marrying a non-believer, or endorsing such a union, is strongly discouraged and carries religious sanctions. Penton, professor emeritus of history at University of Lethbridge and a former member of the group, examines the history of Jehovah's Witnesses, and their doctrines. [288] They do not salute or pledge allegiance to flags or sing national anthems or patriotic songs. The study also found that 65% of adult Jehovah's Witnesses in the US are converts. The book, published as the posthumous work of Russell, was a compilation of his commentaries on the Bible books of Ezekiel and Revelation, plus numerous additions by Bible Students Clayton Woodworth and George Fisher. Elders maintain general responsibility for congregational governance, setting meeting times, selecting speakers and conducting meetings, directing the public preaching work, and creating "judicial committees" to investigate and decide disciplinary action for cases involving sexual misconduct or doctrinal breaches. listen live. In the study, Jehovah's Witnesses ranked lowest in statistics for having an interest in politics. [104][105][106][107], Jehovah's Witnesses are organized hierarchically, in what the leadership calls a "theocratic organization", reflecting their belief that it is God's "visible organization" on earth. Jehovah's witnesses believe that humanity is now in the 'last days' and that the final battle between good and evil will happen soon; Find out more from BBC Religion. The movement has been accused of doctrinal inconsistency and reversals, failed predictions, mistranslation of the Bible, harsh treatment of former members and autocratic and coercive leadership.
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